Gap Insurance: What Is It and Who Needs It?

When you buy a new car, you may be asked if you want gap insurance. Find out all the benefits of gap insurance—and understand how insurance options help protect you—so you can decide what’s right for you.

 

 

What Is Gap Insurance?

 

Gap insurance literally covers the gap between what you owe on a car and what it's worth if your car is totaled in a covered loss, such as an accident or theft. The types of losses covered and the extent of coverage vary depending on the company providing the gap insurance, so make sure you clarify what's covered before you make your decision.

 

Who Needs Gap Insurance?

 

If you purchased or leased a new vehicle and weren't able to afford a large down payment, you may need gap insurance. Vehicles notoriously depreciate in value — and quickly — and depreciation starts the moment you leave the dealership. If you're not able to pay the difference between what you owe and what your vehicle is worth out of pocket, gap insurance may be worth your while.

One thing to remember if you're leasing a vehicle: Often, leasing companies include gap insurance or loan/lease payoff coverage in their contracts, so make sure you review your contract before you purchase it from your auto insurance company.

 

When Do You Need Gap Insurance?

 

Here's an example of when you'd use gap insurance: You swerve to avoid a deer and end up driving into a ditch, where your brand new vehicle rolls over. Though no one's hurt, your car sustains heavy damage — so much so that the cost to repair your vehicle is higher than its actual cash value (ACV). Your insurance company decides to total your car, and after running an N.A.D.A. valuation, they determine the ACV is $25,000.

You purchased your car a few weeks earlier for $28,000, and you haven't even made the first payment yet, so you still owe $28,000 to your lender. If your insurance company pays $24,500 to settle your claim — remember: you still have to pay your $500 collision deductible, so you must subtract that amount from the ACV amount — you're still responsible for paying the remaining $3,500 to your lender.

In this case, if you have gap insurance, that $3,500 is covered by your insurance company, and they'll pay your lender the difference between what you owe and what your vehicle is worth. You won't be responsible for paying the difference because you chose gap insurance when you got the vehicle.

Keep in mind that if you purchase gap insurance from your insurance company, often you can only use this coverage if your claim is covered under your comprehensive or collision coverage. Not every insurance company offers the same types of coverage, so refer to your policy for more details.

When Should You Drop Collision Coverage?

 Many people with newer cars keep collision coverage on their policies, but they also may not know when or if they should drop this coverage. While there's no set rule for determining whether collision coverage becomes unnecessary for your particular situation, there are some simple considerations to make if you're debating whether or not you should keep it on your policy. We've outlined them here.

 

 

What's your vehicle's actual cash value?

 

This is one of the easier things to determine because you can find several sources that will provide actual cash value (ACV) estimates online or through publications. Common sources for ACV estimates are N.A.D.A. Guides, Kelley Blue Book and Black Book. These will give you a good idea of what your vehicle is worth.

 

If you're not sure which source to use, you can contact your insurance company to see how its claims department determines ACV in your area. Often, one of these guides is used by claims representatives to establish a vehicle's ACV.

 

Remember to be realistic about the condition of your vehicle to get a realistic ACV estimate. If your vehicle has dents, sun damage, torn upholstery, etc., these may lower your vehicle's ACV.

 

How much do you pay for collision coverage?

 

Factor in the price you pay for collision coverage. If your collision premium is $250 for a six-month policy term, you're paying $500 per year to insure your vehicle against damage that may never happen. For your situation, is the cost worth the potential risk?

 

If your vehicle is worth $2,500 and your collision premium is $500 per year, you're paying 20 percent of your vehicle's value for one insurance coverage.

 

On top of that, the most you'd receive in a total loss settlement would be $2,000, and that doesn't factor in the amount you're paying for collision coverage. Should you keep collision at this point? Well, it depends on your personal situation — more on that later.

 

Keep in mind that collision premiums generally decrease as your vehicle ages, so the cost for collision coverage may be less next year than it is this year.

 

What's your collision deductible?

 

What deductible did you choose when you added collision coverage to your policy? Did you select a $500 deductible? $250? $1,000? It is important to consider the amount of your deductible because, if you ever have to use collision coverage, you'll be responsible for paying that amount out of pocket.

 

If you selected a $500 collision deductible and you pay $250 every six months for your collision premium, you could be paying $750 out of pocket to have and use collision coverage for each policy term, so consider what you're able to handle financially. Would the amount paid by your insurance company help you after you've paid your deductible?

 

What can you afford out of pocket?

 

Sit down and think about what's best for you, right now. If you're living paycheck to paycheck, a $500 settlement from your insurance company may be exactly what you need to replace a totaled car. However, if you've amassed a pretty comfortable financial nest, you may be able to afford $5,000 or more out of pocket.

 

Before you decide, also consider more than just money factors. If you drop collision coverage and have to replace your vehicle unexpectedly, are you able to spare the time it takes to shop for a new car? If you're without a car for a few days, will you be able to get to work or other scheduled engagements without your vehicle? Is a rental car feasible until you find a new vehicle?

 

What services or options would you forfeit if you drop collision coverage?

 

Finally, consider what else you're bypassing by dropping collision coverage. If you don't have Collision coverage, will forfeiting options for other coverages affect you negatively? For instance, with some companies, if you drop Collision coverage, you won't be able to purchase Rental Reimbursement coverage.

 

Should you keep collision coverage or drop it?

 

Your personal situation purely drives this decision. If you have a $1,000 collision deductible on a vehicle that's worth $1,000, you're basically paying for insurance that's not going to pay you when you need it. Some people choose higher deductibles because the premium is lower, which means up-front costs are lower. Think about this before making your decision. Focus on what you can handle, including time and money considerations, before you decide. You may be surprised at what you discover.

The smartest homeowner's insurance move: a $100,000 deductible

Did you know you can shave hundreds of dollars off your annual homeowner's insurance bill by increasing your deductible? We don't just mean going from $500 to $1,000. Think big. $2,500. Already have a $2,500 deductible? Then think bigger. $5,000. $10,000. Or really big. Like $100,000.

"We have clients with deductibles of $100,000 fairly routinely on $5 million homes," says Mary Boyd, senior vice president and chief operating officer for ACE Private Risk Services. Some ACE clients with multiple homes and a "significant" net worth have deductibles in the millions of dollars, she says. What do they know that you don't?

When you choose a deductible, you're picking a number you're willing to spend out of pocket if you suffer a loss. It should certainly cover what you think of as run-of-the-mill outlays (when calling the insurer would be more of a hassle than writing a check to the repairman). But if you're comfortable with laying out even more at the time of a loss, over time you can really save money on premiums.

Choosing a low deductible is "a characteristic mistake," says Jack M. Guttentag, a professor emeritus at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania who runs MortgageProfessor.com. "What you want is coverage for the risks that you can't pay for yourself," he says. (A pine tree bisects your living room; a major electrical fire takes out your gourmet kitchen.) Pick the number you're willing to spend out of pocket based on your resources -- how much income you have coming in and how much money you have in the bank.

How much might you save with a bigger deductible? On a house insured for $1 million with a $2,500 deductible, a homeowner could save $1,000 a year by going to a $10,000 deductible at ACE (the premium and savings will vary depending on the house's location and other factors). Since the homes ACE insures typically suffer a loss about once every 20 years, this is a very good bet, says Boyd.

Ted Mitchell, a senior public relations specialist with MetLife Auto & Home says MetLife has seen a trend toward consumers choosing higher deductibles in recent years. While a typical homeowner's insurance policy deductible is $500 or $1,000, MetLife offers flat dollar deductibles of up to $10,000 (except in Texas which has percentage deductibles). But you don't have to go to the max for the savings to kick in. In one example, on a coastal Virginia house insured by MetLife for $1 million with a $1,000 deductible, a homeowner could save $300 a year by going to a $2,500 deductible or $600 a year by going to a $5,000 deductible.

To help minimize the chance (and severity) of a loss and your out-of-pocket tab for a high deductible, Boyd says homeowners should install the usual burglar and fire alarms but also consider installing more high-tech safety measures such as automatic leak detectors, battery backup systems for sump pumps, and lightning protection systems. You get additional credits on your premium for these efforts.

Your agent might use the savings opportunity to sell you other insurance, and that can make sense and still put you ahead of where you were before making the deductible changes. What if you have expensive jewelry? The ACE homeowner's policy covers up to $10,000 in jewelry with a maximum of $5,000 for a single item -- subject to your deductible. That means if you chose a $10,000 deductible and lost a bracelet and earrings worth $10,000, there would be no reimbursement. So you might want to consider insuring jewelry (and fine arts or other collectibles) under a valuables policy as an add-on to your homeowner's policy. With a valuable policy, no deductible applies in the event of a loss.